Exegesis and Critique of Nietzsche’s Conception of Guilt...

Exegesis and Critique of Nietzsche’s Conception of Guilt In The Second Essay of On the Genealogy of Morality In the Second Essay of On the Genealogy of Morals (titled â€Å"â€Å"Guilt,† â€Å"Bad Conscience,† and the Like†), Nietzsche formulates an interesting conception of the origin and function of guilt feelings and â€Å"bad conscience.† Nietzsche’s discussion of this topic is rather sophisticated and includes sub-arguments for the ancient equivalence of the concepts of debt and guilt and the existence of an instinctive joy in cruelty in human beings, as well as a hypothesis concerning the origin of civilization, a critique of Christianity, and a comparison of Christianity to ancient Greek religion. In this essay, I will attempt to distill these†¦show more content†¦It is important to note that, according to Nietzsche, no moral condemnation was involved in these punishments for transgression of the morality of mores. Rather, transgressors were viewed merely as threats and obstacles in the path to the goal of the state. Thus, transgressors wer e punished merely out of anger at the injury done, rather than out of moral indignation or attempt to reform the criminal, while the goal of awakening guilt in criminals not only was not held by these rulers, but would have been regarded by them as nonsensical (2.4). At this juncture Nietzsche puts forth the creditor/debtor relationship as an analogy to the relationship between citizen and state after the latter’s establishment. According to this analogy the citizen and state have entered into an agreement in which the state promises various advantages of civilization, which are numerous and profound, in return for obedience on the part of the citizen. When a citizen disobeys, the state’s punishment is meted out with the cruel anger of an aggrieved creditor (2.9). Significantly, according to Nietzsche, the arousal of guilt feelings in the transgressor is not an effect of this punishment. Instead, punishment’s only result is to increase the greater prudence and fear of the transgressor. Nietzsche brings forth several pieces of evidence in support of this claim. The first of these is that prisons are far from being

Third Bridge in Istanbul Free Essays

The first bridge over Ä °stanbul’s Bosporus was the BoÄŸazià §i Bridge, which was opened in 1973 by then-President Fahri Korutà ¼rk, while the FSM began operating in 1988 when Turgut Ãâ€"zal was prime minister. The Turkish government announced plans to construct a third bridge over the Bosphorus.The name of the future bridge has not been decided yet. We will write a custom essay sample on Third Bridge in Istanbul or any similar topic only for you Order Now The third bridge is expected to connect a highway starting in the Western province of Tekirdağ’s KÄ ±nalÄ ± with another highway starting from the PaÅŸakà ¶y neighborhood in Ä °stanbul’s Asian side. The minister said the government expects a sufficient amount of traffic to utilize the route once it is finalized. Experts expressed mixed feelings about the proposal of the Tarabya-Beykoz route, north of the two existing bridges .Some argued it would improve the area. Supporters of the new bridge also say it will make Turkey an important transportation corridor. They point to other highways that have crossed the three largest water reservoirs of Istanbul as evidence that mega infrastructure projects can be built safely(2009). However others argued that a third bridge would threaten the natural resources of Istanbul and was not a real solution to the city’s traffic problem because it will encourage more people to use cars, increase Istanbul’s chronic traffic problem, the fumes of the traffic will pollute the forests and kill the natural life there and also damage social life and bring new economic problems. The government argued about reducing the Istanbul’s traffic problems however there is a fact that it will create its own traffic.There are 3.3 million motor vehicles on road in the region that the North Marmara project covers.Land transportation shoulders 87 percent of Ä °stanbul’s mass transportation burden.The government officals stated that the bridge would be essential for easing the city’s traffic congestion(2010).However all scientific stuides show that bridges increase the traffic load. It will create its own traffic potential. The solution only may be developing public transportation on rails. This plan does not exist rail traffic. More cars will be sold and added to the existing load. The government claimed that third bridge will not damage the nature however many experts preotested the third bridge because after the construction many parts of forests won’t be existed anymore. Some of Ä °stanbul’s prominent forestry areas are along the third bridge route.Belgrade Forest, Fatih Forest and the Polonezkà ¶y. The project is expected to be finalized with little damage to these sites but destroying large parts of the Belgrade Forest, crossing the Bosporus at one if its picturesque locations, a huge waste of money for building a highway far from the city through uninhabited territory will be a murdery.It is clearly known that the third bridge would start a large-scale damage to forest lands on both sides of Istanbul, on the green lands of Kocaeli and Thrace Peninsulas. All the forests in the North which serve as oxygen generating areas, as breathing lungs of the City will be under great danger due to the bridge and its connection roads construction. An area about as large as the Belgrade Forest would be damaged as a result of the third bridge construction activities, as it is stated by the authorities that the third bridge and its highways will be linked to the Black Sea Coastal Highway which has done great harm to the natural Black Sea Coastline(2008). It is claimed that the bridge will contribute to the city economically however this means more unemployment and more homelessness.The government argue that this infrastructure project would create massive investment and jobs and tackle increasing unemployment rates(2010).The main aim of this 6-billion-dollar project is to channel money into the car, logistics and construction sectors. This money comes out of Istanbulites’ pockets and they will pay the cost in terms of reduced living standards. The bottled water that they drink wil become more expensive, and the air they breathe more polluted. Bu they need both to live.Istanbul’s population is already five times of what this area can cope with. With a new bridge, the population will increase. This will mean more unemployment and more homelessness. â€Å"The introduction of the third bridge will be the death of Istanbul,† said Dr. Pr. Murat Cemal Yalà §Ã„ ±ntan of Mimar Sinan University in an interview(2010). How to cite Third Bridge in Istanbul, Essay examples

Gatsby Party Scene Paragraph free essay sample

Gatsbys infamous parties are known for their extravagance and whimsicalness, yet all the happiness and laughter is not enough to block out the empty and over-indulgent lives of the rich. There is a lot of mingling among the rich at Gatsbys parties, giving heed to enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each others names(40). While these encounters appear to be very friendly and casual, they are very superficial, as there is no real connection between these people and they are all just conversing for show. Moreover, the party atmosphere can be described as full of happy, vacuous bursts of laughter. Similar to the meetings of the women, on the surface the guests faces appear to be happy, whereas underneath the empty and airy tone of laughter suggests that their happiness is meaningless. Also, the party seems to be an illusion itself, with colored lights (40) and float[ing] (40) cocktail trays. We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby Party Scene Paragraph or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The movement of the cocktails is much like the movement of the party-ethereal and carefree. Everyone is enjoying themselves and having a good time, yet their actions seem lost and suspended in the air, hinting that the guests actually lead lives with no direction amid the flash and glamour. Furthermore, as the party dies down most of the remaining women were now having fights with men said to be their husbands (51). In contrast with the earlier chatter and laughter, the closing of the show reveals that things are not as carefree and joyful as they seem, and that people pretend to be happy and they party in an effort to forget about the dismal reality of their lives. Fitzgerald reveals that despite all the glamour and class, the rich actually lead meaningless and excessive lives. Gatsby Party Scene Paragraph free essay sample Party Scene Paragraph Gatsby infamous parties are known for their extravagance and whimsicalness, yet all the happiness and laughter is not enough to block out the empty and over- indulgent lives of the rich. There is a lot of mingling among the rich at Gatsby parties, giving heed to enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each others names(40). While these encounters appear to be very friendly and casual, they are very superficial, as there is no real connection between these people and they are all Just conversing for show. Moreover, the party atmosphere can be scribed as full of happy, vacuous bursts of laughter(46).Similar to the meetings of the women, on the surface the guests faces appear to be happy, whereas underneath the empty and airy tone of laughter suggests that their happiness is meaningless. Also, the party seems to be an illusion itself, with colored lights (40) and float[inning] (40) cocktail trays. We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby Party Scene Paragraph or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The movement of the cocktails is much like the movement of the party-ethereal and carefree. Everyone Is enjoying themselves and having a good time, yet their actions seem lost and suspended in the air, hinting that he guests actually lead lives with no direction amid the flash and glamour.Furthermore, as the party dies down most of the remaining women were now having fights with men said to be their husbands (51). In contrast with the earlier chatter and laughter, the closing of the show reveals that things are not as carefree and joyful as they seem, and that people pretend to be happy and they party In an effort to forget about the dismal reality of their lives. Fitzgerald reveals that despite all the glamour and class, the rich actually lead meaningless and excessive lives.

The Approximate Size of My Tumor Essay Example

The Approximate Size of My Tumor Essay TITLE OF ESSAY: An Analysis of the author’s use of reflection in â€Å"The Approximate Size of my Tumor† In the short story â€Å"The Approximate Size of my Tumor†, the author uses reflection to give the reader a greater insight into the relationship between Jimmy Many Horses and his wife, Norma. Showing that there are two sides to humor: Jimmy’s viewpoint that humor is used as a copy mechanism and Norma’s viewpoint that there is a time and place for humor and for being serious. Jimmy Many Horses retells the history of his relationship with his wife Norma, from their initial meeting at the Powwow Tavern through their marriage including grappling with alcohol addiction and Jimmy’s diagnosis of terminal cancer. After learning of Jimmy’s diagnosis of terminal cancer Norma leaves reacting to Jimmy’s constant use of humor, even in the face of death which angers Norma. The author uses reflection to give us insight on how Norma and Jimmy met, explaining that humor is a part of Jimmy’s character. Jimmy’s recollection of their relationship includes a classic Indian pickup line, â€Å"Listen†¦if I stole 1,000 horses, I’d give you 501 of them. † Jimmy’s cavalier humor about his diagnosis enrages Norma to the point she leaves him to go on the powwow circuit, ultimately ending up in Arlee, Montana, with a â€Å"second kind of cousin† before returning to be with Jimmy in his last days, citing â€Å"making fry bread and helping people die are two things Indians are good at. While in the hospital on his death bed, Jimmy continues to use humor as a coping mechanism. â€Å"Humor was an antiseptic that cleaned the deepest of personal wounds. † Even Jimmy’s description of his tumors is described as the approximate size and shape of a baseball-with faint stitch marks on it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Approximate Size of My Tumor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Approximate Size of My Tumor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Approximate Size of My Tumor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The story tells how one person may use differing copying mechanisms to cope with their feelings, for Jimmy Many Horses, he uses humor which enables him in the beginning to deny the reality of his terminal diagnosis, resulting in his wife becoming so angered by him not taking this seriously that she leaves as another form of coping and requiring Jimmy to face that there is a time and place where humor is appropriate and when it isn’t. Humor destroys one part of Jimmy’s life while it aids him in coping with another.

Write Your Opinion Essay

Write Your Opinion EssayIf you are thinking of writing an opinion essay, you can either write it yourself or buy an opinion essay sample. There are various advantages of buying one. Here are the advantages of both.- It is better than writing it yourself. You can hire a professional writer to help you make your document well-crafted and enjoyable. However, if you want originality, then you can take the service of a writer. In order to write your own document, you need to be good at writing persuasive, persuasive words.- It is easy to use a service. Once you have decided to hire a writer, you can get it to your home, office or even your school so that it can be used anytime, anywhere.- The good thing about writing an opinion essay is that it is written in plain language and is designed to convey a message. Hence, it will be suitable for use in any medium, whether newspaper, magazine, book, etc.- When you have decided to write an opinion essay, there are a few things you need to think o f. One of the main things is that your message must be compelling. In order to convey the right message, you need to be able to persuade the reader, to convince him, and to persuade him strongly.- When you are writing an opinion essay, the first thing you should do is gather all the information you can get about the person who you are writing for. You must look at his or her background, interests, and personality. After gathering all the facts, you should do some research so that you know what to write.-Write concisely. With all the info and facts gathered, you need to make your text attractive, but simple.

Making health Essay Example

Making health Essay Example Making health Paper Making health Paper Making health, safety and security practices a major part of the orientation process for new and existing employees. Health, safety and security orientation introduces all employees to the intricacies of, in this case, the travel agency business. Not only is this an opportunity to introduce to all employees to the general practices of the business it also is a great time to outline the companies health and safety policies and procedures. Implementing a clear comprehensive orientation program has a positive and rewarding affect on the employees and their well being.   Research shows a positive impact on employee’s success during their tenure on the job. Providing information on health and safety procedures to new workers at the start of their work life is prudent.  Ã‚   In comparison to long time workers, nearly twice the expectancy for new employees to experience an accident on the job likely, It is important to emphasize to employees that they can talk freely about health and safety and that they have an assessable system in place that provides an open transparent conduit by which they can voice their concerns. It is important to provide a formal, scheduled meeting, or even an ad hoc open session to receive regular feedback.   Simple forms posted on bulletin board announcing discussions on health and safety issues are encouraged. Summary Steps: Provide a comfort level for employees with health, safety and security questions Encourage discussion about health, safety and security. Address employee concerns immediately. Promote safe place of work as everyone’s concern Implement ongoing training in safe and secure methods of work. Encourage employees to implement sound daily health and safety principles. It is critical supervisors and managers to remember health, safety  and security matters are to be regularly discussed.   As leaders, they are the first to be notified when this matter is addressed. The desired goal following training and orientation is for employees have knowledge of the following issues: The security operating procedures for their position in the agency.   What the procedures are for health, safety and security emergency concerns.   Awareness of safety and security procedures for reporting accidents in the work place.   Possible and hazards present in this workplace.   What personal protective equipment should be worn, its location and how do I wear it, and maintain it.   What to do if there is an emergency or if injured. Roles and responsibilities of staff Employers and employees An employer’s principal duty is to take all reasonably practicable steps to protect the health and safety of their employees at the workplace. This duty requires employers to provide a healthy and safe working environment. Employers and other people Employers must take all reasonably practicable steps to ensure other people (such as visitors or members of the public) at or near the workplace  Ã‚   are not exposed to health and safety risks. Employers must establish health and safety management practices to protect these other people. The employer’s duty of care also extends to the work of contractors, subcontractors and the employees of those contractors or subcontractors who may be engaged by that employer. This duty of care does not lessen the duty of care imposed on the contractor or subcontractor who is also an employer. EMPLOYEES’ SAFETY’ REPRESENTATIVES Members of a travel agency numbering 10 or more may elect an  employees’ safety representative, the legislation gives employees’ safety  representatives the power to be consulted; to inspect the workplace; to obtain information; and, in consultation with the accountable person in the workplace,  direct work activities to stop if a risk of serious injury or harm exists. RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS The responsible officer performs the duties of the employer set in policy, although the appointment of a responsible officer in no way diminishes the liability of an employer. Policy allows employer discretion in the appointment of a person as responsible officer.   If an employer, other than one operating a designated workplace, does not appoint a responsible officer, the person responsible for the direction and management of that workplace is deemed to have been appointed as the responsible officer. Where an employer makes a formal appointment, they must tell the person in writing of their appointment. The employer must also make others at the workplace aware of the appointment. Legal obligations ramifications of failure to comply DUTY OF CARE A duty of care is a legal responsibility. The duties exist under common law.   The duties require all people in the workplace to take practical steps to ensure health and safety measures are met. Each person under a duty must meet it, even if others also share duty. The general duties are limited by ‘reasonable practicability’. To carry out a duty as far as is reasonably practicable means: Balancing the degree of risk in a particular activity or environment against measures taken to control it.  Doing only what is possible or capable of being done safely. The ‘reasonable practicability’ test must take into account: The nature of the job or the particular aspect of the job concerned The severity of any potential injury or harm to health or safety that may bebinvolved, and the degree of risk that exists for such potential injury or harm What is known about the injury or harm to health or safety that may be involved; what is known about the risk of that injury or harm occurring; and what is known about preventing, removing or reducing that injury, harm or risk? REGULATIONS The function and purpose of regulations is to give details of requirements that must be observed in the workplace.   Regulations are the second tier of current legislation. While they are subordinate to the existing laws, they still represent legal requirements, and failure to comply will generally be an offence punishable by a fine. The Act (Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995, is about making workplaces and work practices safer for everyone.) (The State of Queensland (Department of Employment and Industrial Relations) 2006. broadly outlines the legal obligations employers and workers have to workplace health and safety. The Regulations set out goals for meeting these legal obligations and making workplaces safe.   Employers and workers can tailor safety measures to the needs of individual workplaces provided the outcomes specified in the Regulations are achieved. CODES OF PRACTICE Codes of practice may consist of any code, standard, rule, specification or provision for workplace health and safety. The Act enables the Minister for Infrastructure (the Minister) to approve codes of practice that give practical guidance on workplace health and safety to employers and employees. Before approving a code of practice, the Minister must consult with employer and employee organizations, and advertise his or her intention to approve the code of practice. Codes of practice may be used as evidence in legal proceedings to show that a person has failed to meet a duty of care. Failure to follow a code of practice does not necessarily mean a breach of the Act. (The State of Queensland (Department of Employment and Industrial Relations) 2006 Participative arrangements of health, safety and security Function of health, safety and security responsible officer Perform the duties of the employer in relation to health and safety at the workplace, Workplace Standards recommends that employers: consider the authority level a responsible officer needs to perform their functions  make the appointment at the appropriate level in the organization  give the responsible officer sufficient authority to carry out their duties. Workplace Standards recommends that the position be given to the chief executive or the most senior manager at a particular workplace.   In the case of a small organization, the business owner would logically appoint himself or herself. Used wisely, the responsible officer concept is a powerful tool, helping the organization delegate workplace health and safety matters effectively. Used unwisely, the responsible officer concept can frustrate employees ho may have the responsibility but lack the authority to carry it out their assigned duties. Or on the other hand, senior management makes it difficult for a responsible officer to carry out their duties effectively.

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events

Multiplication Rule for Independent Events It is important to know how to calculate the probability of an event.  Certain types of events in probability are called independent.  When we have a pair of independent events, sometimes we may ask, What is the probability that both of these events occur?  In this situation, we can simply multiply our two  probabilities together. We will see how to utilize the multiplication rule for independent events.  After we have gone over the basics, we will see the details of a couple of calculations. Definition of Independent Events We begin with a definition of independent events.  In probability, two events are independent if the outcome of one event does not influence the outcome of the second event. A good example of a pair of independent events is when we roll a die and then flip a coin.  The number showing on the die has no effect on the coin that was tossed.  Therefore these two events are independent. An example of a pair of events that are not independent would be the gender of each baby in a set of twins.  If the twins are identical, then both of them will be male, or both of them would be female. Statement of the Multiplication Rule The multiplication rule for independent events relates the probabilities of two events to the probability that they both occur.  In order to use the rule, we need to have the probabilities of each of the independent events.  Given these events, the multiplication rule states the probability that both events occur is found by multiplying the probabilities of each event. Formula for the Multiplication Rule The multiplication rule is much easier to state and to work with when we use mathematical notation. Denote events A and B and the probabilities of each by P(A) and P(B). If A and B  are independent events, then: P(A and B) P(A) x P(B) Some versions of this formula use even more symbols.  Instead of the word and we can instead use the intersection symbol:  Ã¢Ë† ©. Sometimes this formula is used as the definition of independent events.  Events are independent if and only if P(A and B) P(A) x P(B). Example #1 of the Use of the Multiplication Rule We will see how to use the multiplication rule by looking at a few examples.  First suppose that we roll a six sided die and then flip a coin.  These two events are independent. The probability of rolling a 1 is 1/6. The probability of a head is 1/2. The probability of rolling a 1 and getting a head is 1/6 x 1/2 1/12. If we were inclined to be skeptical about this result, this example is small enough that all of the outcomes could be listed: {(1, H), (2, H), (3, H), (4, H), (5, H), (6, H), (1, T), (2, T), (3, T), (4, T), (5, T), (6, T)}.  We see that there are twelve outcomes, all of which are equally likely to occur.  Therefore the probability of 1 and a head is 1/12.  The multiplication rule was much more efficient because it did not require us to list our the entire sample space. Example #2 of the Use of the Multiplication Rule For the second example, suppose that we draw a card from a standard deck, replace this card, shuffle the deck and then draw again.  We then ask what is the probability that both cards are kings. Since we have drawn with replacement, these events are independent and the multiplication rule applies.   The probability of drawing a king for the first card is 1/13.  The probability for drawing a king on the second draw is 1/13.  The reason for this is that we are replacing the king that we drew from the first time.  Since these events are independent, we use the multiplication rule to see that the probability of drawing two kings is given by the following product 1/13 x 1/13 1/169. If we did not replace the king, then we would have a different situation in which the events would not be independent.  The probability of drawing a king on the second card would be influenced by the result of the first card.